Academic Year/course:
2023/24
532 - Master's in Industrial Engineering
60804 - Energy Technology
Syllabus Information
Academic year:
2023/24
Subject:
60804 - Energy Technology
Faculty / School:
110 - Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Degree:
532 - Master's in Industrial Engineering
ECTS:
4.5
Year:
1
Semester:
532-First semester o Second semester
266-First semester o Second semester
107-First semester
Subject type:
Compulsory
Module:
---
1. General information
The objective of the subject is the learning of advanced concepts related to the fields of Thermal Engineering and Thermotechnology, combining the study of energy sources, energy production systems based on fossil and renewable resources, the configuration of large thermoelectric plants, and the management and technical-economic viability of energy production facilities for the supply to intensive industrial processes in thermal demands.
These approaches and objectives are aligned with some of the Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs, of the 2030 Agenda(https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/es/) and certain specific targets, so that the acquisition of the learning results of the subject provides training and competence to the student to contribute to some extent to their achievement:
SDG 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all, 7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services. 7.2 From here to 2030, significantly increase the proportion of renewable energy in the overall energy mix. 7.3 From here to 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency.
Goal 9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure. 9.4- From here to 2030, modernize infrastructure and reconvert industries to make them sustainable, using resources more efficiently and promoting the adoption of clean and environmentally rational industrial technologies and processes, and ensuring that all countries take measures according to their respective capacities.
Goal 13. Climate action. 13.3 Improve education, awareness and human and institutional capacity regarding climate change mitigation, adaptation to it, reduction of its effects and early warning.
2. Learning results
Upon completion of this subject, the student will be able to:
- Know the Spanish, European, and global energy structure.
- Know the main characteristics of fossil fuels and their energy uses.
- Know the main renewable energy resources and how to perform calculations about their sizing or production.
- Know conventional thermoelectric generation technologies and perform calculations of the most common power cycles and of each of the main component systems of power plants.
- Know, select and size energy production systems to meet the demands for heat, cold, and electricity of a consumer centre through cogeneration, trigeneration, or separate heat and/or cold production systems and electricity purchase.
- Understand energy management in the industry, and propose energy saving solutions in industrial systems of production, transformation, and consumption.
3. Syllabus
Theory program
1- Introduction/review
- Energy sources and energy technology. Brief history and current context of energy use. Delimitation of the subject
- Review: Units. Energy terminology. Thermodynamic properties and energy balances of technical systems. Second law of thermodynamics. Primary energy and final energy.
- Primary and final energy statistics by activity sectors. Data sources.
- Earth's energy balance. Quantification of fossil resources. Proven reserves. Reserves/consumption ratios. Production peaks
- Typical sizes, costs, and yields of energy equipment
- Review: economic analysis of energy projects
2- Steam power plants
- Context: types and implementation of thermal power plants
- General description and performance of a steam power plant
- Power cycle. Review on Rankine cycle and general arrangement. Turbines. Surface heaters. Degasser
- Cooling circuit. Types and comparison of systems. Water condensers. Cooling towers. Air condensers
- Steam generator. Water-vapor circulation. Combustion systems. Exchange banks. General provision. Fuel, air and gas systems. Throw and fans. Mills and feeding system. Air-gas preheaters
- Gas cleaning equipment. Emission limits. Electrostatic filters. Desulfurization systems. Low NOx combustion. Selective NOx Reduction Systems
3- Combined Cycle Power Plants
- Justification, advantages and disadvantages vs. simple cycles. Classification and configurations. Energy balances and yields. Commercial combined cycles.
- Review: gas turbine power cycles. Simple thermodynamic model. Specific power and performance. Detailed models. Simple cycle improvements.
- Gas turbines: partial load performance and variation with atmospheric conditions. Description of industrial turbine components. Examples of commercial gas turbines. Gas turbine power plants: history and current functions.
- Recovery boiler: function and differences with power boilers. Temperature difference pinch. Cycle configuration according to pressure levels. Effect of temperature and vapor pressure. Thermal calculations.
4- Industrial energy, cogeneration and alternative engines (in practical sessions)
- Concept of cogeneration and terminology. Yields and characterization indices.
- Cogeneration systems. Generalities, characteristics and applications. Cogeneration with steam turbine. Cogeneration with gas turbine and combined cycle. Cogeneration with MACIs. Reciprocating internal combustion engines. Cogeneration with MACIs.
- Sizing and calculation of cogeneration systems. Legal restrictions in Spain.
- Notions about advanced problems and system operation.
5- Fossil fuels
Coal. Oil and liquid derivatives. Natural gas and LPGs. Other fossil fuels
- Features as energy source. Emissions. Energy uses
- Extraction, refining and treatment, transportation and distribution. Energy infrastructure
- Particular characteristics. Conventional compositions. Standards, specifications and classifications.
- Fuel interchangeability
6- Renewable sources and technologies
- Solar energy. Solar resource. Solar collectors. Thermal solar power plants. Photovoltaic cells and panels
- Wind energy. Wind resource. Wind turbines
- Biomass energy. Dry and wet biomass. Resource, properties and characterization. Management and treatments of biomass. Thermochemical processes. Combustion. Gasification and pyrolysis.
- Biogas production. Liquid biofuels. Ethanol and derivatives. Biodiesel
Internship program
The practices will be oriented towards application problems and sizing of energy supply to processes and services related to the proposed practical work. The following topics could be discussed:
- Industrial boilers and heat networks
- Cogeneration systems
- Cogeneration with MACI
- Cogeneration with steam turbine
- Cogeneration with gas turbine and combined cycle
- Photovoltaic installations
- Thermal solar panels
- Thermal solar panels
- PVT Panels
- Biomass boilers
Recommended bibliography and resources
This subject offers a very broad content that is taught quite briefly. For this reason, all the interesting books are specialized in a certain aspect of the subject and deal broadly with a very small part of the subject. They are interesting as a reference or expansion, but not as direct study material. Class presentations and other specific documents prepared for this purpose are recommended as study material and provided to students through the ADD.
https://psfunizar10.unizar.es/br13/egAsignaturas.php?codigo=60804
4. Academic activities
Master classes : (30 h) During these classes the subject´s topics will be presented (section 5.3). In these topics, the evolution, status, and expectations of technology will be described, explaining the reason for it, using both technical arguments as well as legal, social, economic, or political ones that are sometimes as important as the technological ones. Technical issues related to thermal sciences which have not been sufficiently addressed in previous degrees, will also be expanded.
Problem and case solving as well as laboratory practices (computer): (15 h) During the practice sessions, cases will be solved using the computer with the assistance of the teacher. These sessions will begin with a presentation of the problem and an explanation, applied to the case, of the necessary calculation procedures. These procedures can be an application of what is seen in theory or they can be specific to practice .
Application works: (simultaneous with the practices) During the term, group work will be carried out. It will consist of the proposal for energy supply to a company, service or process. For this purpose, the case method will be used. It involves the students' search for information and will be supported with explanations and work in small groups during practice sessions. Depending on the number of students and budget availability, the work will be linked to a company visit that will take place in the first part of the term. Personalized student-teacher tutoring: the subject's teaching staff will be available during tutoring hours or by appointment to solve any doubts that have arisen during study.
Study and personal work (63.5 h)
Assessment tests (4h)
5. Assessment system
This subject offers the possibility of continuous assessment or global assessment:
CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT
Practical work (30%) : Work groups composed of between 4-6 students will be formed. In them, students must carry out academic work consisting of the calculation of the energy supply to an industry or process using different energy sources and its economic evaluation. The work will be carried out following the "case method" and will use both the concepts explained in the theory part and the knowledge acquired independently by the students. In the event that plagiarism is detected among different practice groups, submission of work or deliverables from previous years or similar, it will be reported to the coexistence commission of UNIZAR who will take appropriate measures. The evaluation of the work will have a group grade based on the group's deliverables during the term, the effectiveness of the group work, and the final report submitted, as well as an individual grade. The individual grade will be calculated taking into account several factors: tests carried out in practice sessions, individual participation in follow-up tutorials, quality of the part of the work done, participation in forums, observation during practices and tutorials, and other evidence collected during the term. It will reflect the qualitative acquisition of the skills developed in the work by each group member.
Theory exams (70%): They will consist of two objective tests during the term. The dates for their completion will be announced at the beginning of the academic year, once the rest of the subjects of the term have been coordinated. The tests will include both multiple choice questions or similar with or without explanation and simple open-ended calculations. Multiple choice answers without explanation will be deducted from the grade in the case of a wrong answer. For each of the tests, students may bring printed class presentations annotated by them as support material.
Special conditions to apply for continuous assessment: to apply for continuous assessment it will be necessary to have attended all practical sessions and, at least, 80% of the theory sessions.
Minimum grade in continuous assessment: for students who opt for practical and theoretical assessment through continuous evaluation, the subject will be considered passed if the total grade is higher than 5 and the grade for each part is higher than 4. In the event that this is not fulfilled, but one of the parts has been passed, the other part can be passed in the overall test of the first call (whole theory part or practices).
According to Article 10 of the "Regulation of learning evaluation standards" of the University of Zaragoza, "The second evaluation call, to which all students who have not passed the subject are entitled, will be carried out through a global test in the period established for this purpose by the Government Council in the academic calendar.". Therefore, continuous assessment grades are not saved for the second call.
GLOBAL TEST (OFFICIAL CALLS - 100%)
The overall evaluation of the student will be carried out In the two official calls through the following tests:
Theory exam (70%): The tests will include both multiple choice or similar questions with or without explanation and simple open-response calculations. Multiple choice answers without explanation will be deducted from the grade in the case of a wrong answer. This test will have the same format as the continuous assessment tests, including the entire syllabus. Students may bring printed and annotated class presentations as support material.
Practical Exam (30%): This exam will consist of problems to be solved on the computer related to the topics of the practical sessions and practical work proposed during the term as well as various questions about concepts or topics directly related to them. In the exam, student may consult the practice scripts and bring the proposed practices already done to solve the cases by modifying the files they have previously worked on, as well as the theory notes of the subject and any other printed or electronic material.
GLOBAL GRADE: for the theory and practical grades to be averaged, a minimum of 4 points out of 10 must be obtained. In the event that the grade for any of the parts is below 4, the maximum grade on record will be 4.0.